Succinic Acid Powder – Water-Soluble Exfoliant

Succinic acid (INCI: Succinic Acid | CAS: 110-15-6) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in the Krebs cycle and produced by skin microbiota, making it a physiologically compatible exfoliating active for cosmetic formulations. As a water-soluble beta-hydroxy analogue, it delivers mild surface exfoliation by loosening corneocyte adhesion, promoting gentle cell turnover without the aggressive desquamation associated with stronger AHAs like glycolic acid — making it particularly well-suited for sensitive, reactive, and acne-prone skin types.

Its antimicrobial action targets Cutibacterium acnes (formerly P. acnes), while its anti-inflammatory properties help modulate sebaceous activity and reduce erythema. Unlike many exfoliating acids, succinic acid also supports the skin’s natural microbiome balance, offering a dual-action approach to acne management and barrier integrity.

Formulation notes: Incorporate at 0.5%–2% into the water phase of emulsions, serums, toners, and treatment masks. Optimal pH range: 3.5–5.5. Compatible with niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and other humectants. Avoid combining at high concentrations with other strong exfoliating acids without patch testing.